Pests
| Some of the invertebrate pests are: codling moth, plum curculio, apple maggot, leafrollers, oriental fruit moth, mites, aphids, and lesser appleworm. | |
| The major vertebrate pests are meadow voles and deer, but other pests such as rabbits, woodchucks, and ground squirrels are also prevalent. | |
| Plant pests include weeds such as quackgrass, dandelion and thistle, which compete directly with trees for soil moisture and nutrients. | |
| Bacteria, fungi, viruses and nematodes are all microbial pests that can cause diseases in apples - just like they can in humans. Powdery mildew, apple scab and fire blight are primary concerns, but there are many different types of rot and blotching diseases that impact the health of the tree. Some are lethal to the tree and highly contagious if not treated. |